| 中药材的种植与管理 |
| 添加时间：2017/7/13 16:44:58 浏览次数： |
| 一、选地与整地 1. Place and place 大多数药用植物喜在土壤结构良好、疏松肥沃、酸碱度呈中性、排水良好的壤土上生长。但有些中药如人参、黄莲等喜生长在含腐殖质丰富的森林腐殖土中；白术、贝母、肉桂、栀子等喜在酸性或微酸性土壤中生长；枸杞、甘草、北沙参等喜在碱性土中生长；蔓荆子、北沙参等喜在河边沙滩上生长。因此，要根据植物本身的生长习性和生物学特性，因地制宜，选择适宜的土壤种植。 Most of the medicinal plants are grown on the soil with good soil structure, loose and fertile, the acid alkalinity is neutral and well drained. But some traditional Chinese medicine, such as ginseng and yellow lotus, grow in humic forest humic soil. White art, bimi, cinnamon, gardenia, etc. are grown in acidic or acidic soil. The Chinese wolfberry, licorice, and north American ginseng are grown in alkaline soil. The shrub and the north sea cucumber grow on the beach of the river. Therefore, according to the growth habit and biological characteristics of the plant, suitable soil should be planted in accordance with local conditions. 种植前必须翻耕土壤，然后耙细整平，进行作畦或作垄。适当深耕，能增加产量，特别是对深根性中药如党参、白芷、牛膝等到更加重要。深耕结合施肥，尤其是要施足有机肥，不仅能促进土壤物理性状的改善，而且可以加速土壤熟化，提高土壤肥力。 The soil must be turned over before planting, and then the raking can be raked to make the beds or ridging. Proper deep tillage can increase yield, especially for deep-rooted traditional Chinese medicine such as party ginseng, angelica dahurica, and cattle knee. The combination of deep ploughing and fertilizing, especially the application of organic fertilizer, can not only promote the improvement of soil physical properties, but also accelerate soil maturation and improve soil fertility. 作畦方式，要因植物生长特性和地区、地势不同而异。高畦，畦面通常比畦沟高15-20cm.根及地下茎类药用植物和雨水多、地势低洼、排水不良的工区多采用高畦。平畦，畦面和步道相平，四周作成小土埂，其保水性较好，适用于地下水位较低、土层深厚、排水良好的地区。低畦，畦面约低于步道10-15cm，地下水位低、干旱地区以及喜湿润的药用植物多采用低畦。 In the mode of bedding, the plant growth characteristic and the region, the terrain is different. High beds, the furrow is usually 15-20cm higher than the border furrow. The roots and the underground stem types of medicinal plants and the rain, low-lying areas and poor drainage areas adopt high beds. The flat bed, the furrow and the footpath are flat, the four sides are the small soil ridge, the water retention is better, suitable for the lower water table, deep soil, good drainage area. Low beds, the beds are about 10 to 15cm below the footpath, low water table, arid areas and wet medicinal plants are mostly used in low beds. 二、灌溉与排水 Irrigation and drainage 水分是植物生长的基本条件。在自然降水不足时，就要进行人工浇水。一般植物最需要水分的时期，是茎枝急速生长期限。花、果类药用植物，在开花期及果熟期一般不宜灌水，否则容易引起落花落果。当雨水过多的时候，要及时进行排水。尤其是对根及地下茎类药用植物更应注意，否则易引起烂根。多年生用的药用植物，为了能够安全越冬，不致因冬旱而造成冻害，应在土地结冻前灌一次“封冻水”。 Water is the basic condition for plant growth. Artificial watering is necessary when natural precipitation is insufficient. The most important period of water is the growth of the stalk. Flower, fruit type medicinal plant, in blossom period and fruit ripe period general unfavorable irrigation water, otherwise easy to cause a fall to drop fruit. When there is too much rain, drain the water in time. In particular, the root and the rhizome medicinal plants should pay more attention, otherwise they can easily cause the root. The medicinal plants of perennial use, in order to be able to safely exceed winter, do not cause frostbite by the winter drought, should be in the ground before freezing to be put "freeze water". |
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