冷背药材是中药材的重要组成部分，也是中药材市场中最复杂的一部分。冷背药材的产生的原因是多方面的，不仅仅是历史原因，还包括文化、习俗等多方面原因，下面我们一一探究。

Herbal extracts is an important part of Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese herbal medicine market is a part of the most complex. The causes of herbal extracts are in many aspects, not only is the historical cause, including culture, customs and other reasons, here we explore one by one.

一、临床中医通常使用的中药仅有400 ～ 500 味，明《本草纲目》收载1 892 味，其中绝大多数品种应属于冷背药材。古代一些拾遗性本草和地方区域性本草主要收载了当时的冷背药材，前者如《本草拾遗》、《本草纲目拾遗》，后者如《履巉岩本草》、《滇南本草》、《岭南采药录》。以《本草拾遗》为例，收载药物692 味，其为补唐《新修本草》之遗。《新修本草》载药840 味，其记载的大多是市场流通、大部分医生在习用、产量较大品种，这也与太医院医官的接触本草、药物的范围有极大关系，而对部分太医几乎不用、古籍未载、甚至闻所未闻的品种持谨慎态度。陈藏器《本草拾遗》恰补充这些品种，将民间药物、部分地区医生所用品种悉数收录，其中很多药材属于冷背药材。《本草纲目拾遗》载药921 味，除胖大海、鸦胆子等少量品种成为常用大宗药材外，绝大多数品种也均为冷背药材。

A commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, clinical medicine is only 400 ~ 500, Ming "Compendium of Materia Medica" contained 1892 flavor, most of them belong to the varieties of herbal extracts. Some of the ancient and local herbal supplements containing the main herbal herbal extracts at the time, the former such as "herbal supplements", "Compendium of Materia Medica supplements", the latter such as "Lu crags Materia Medica", "herbal medicine", "Yunnan South of the Five Ridges herbs.". In "Chinese Materia Medica" as an example, contains 692 drugs, which is to fill the Tang "newly revised Materia Medica" legacy. "Newly revised Materia Medica" drug 840 flavor, mostly the market circulation, most of the doctors in the conventional, yield larger varieties of its record, have a great relationship with the contact range of herbal medicine, too hospital medical officer of the drug, and almost no part of the ancient imperial is not unheard of, or even to breed cautious attitude. Chen cangqi "herbal supplements" just add these varieties will be part of the folk doctors used drugs and all varieties included, many of which belong to Chinese herbal extracts. Compendium of Materia Medica "supplements" drug 921 flavor, in addition, a variety of Brucea Javanica Sterculia is often used as medicinal materials, most varieties are herbal extracts.

二、积极吸纳民间药，具有明显的时代气息冷背药材具有明显的时代烙印。清代《本草纲目拾遗》记载的众多花露，这是清代末年西洋技术泛滥的结果，现已基本不用。近年来，随着对民间药的挖掘、研究和开发，一些疗效确切民间药也逐渐的走入市场，如百蕊草、青钱柳、溪黄草等。另外，伴随着疾病谱的改变，对现今困扰疾病有确切疗效的新药用资源被研究发现，如千层塔、藤黄等在治疗老年痴呆有特殊疗效，白英在抗癌方面有一定疗效，雪茶具有一定降脂、降压功效。这些民间药很快就出现在药材市场。绞股蓝原为一味毫不起眼的民间草药，用于清热解毒。20 世纪70 年代，日本一时间，绞股蓝成为药厂、饮品的新宠，市场交易量剧增，短短数十年，现已成为一味较常用中药。

Two, actively absorb folk medicine, has the flavor of the times obvious herbal extracts has obvious characteristics of the times. Many flowers in Qing Dynasty "Compendium of Materia Medica supplements" records, this is the Qing Dynasty Western technology is no longer the flood. In recent years, with the excavation, research and development of folk medicine, some curative effects have been confirmed, and folk medicine has gradually entered the market, such as the Chinese medicine, such as the Chinese herbal medicine, such as cyras, cypress, etc. In addition, along with the change of disease spectrum, the research found the exact effect of today's troubled disease of new medicinal resources, such as qiancengta, etc. in the treatment of senile dementia gamboge has special curative effect, the white British has certain curative effect in cancer, snow tea has certain lipid-lowering, antihypertensive effect. These folk drugs quickly appear in the medicinal market. Gynostemma is a nondescript folk herbal medicine, which is used for clearing heat and detoxifying. In 1970s, Gynostemma pentaphyllum became the new favorite of pharmaceutical factories and drinks in recent years, and the market volume increased dramatically. In a few decades, it has become a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine.